Harimau Sumatera merupakan predator penting yang dapat menjaga keseimbangan mata rantai makanan (food chains) dalam hutan pulau Sumatera, berkurangnya jumlah Harimau Sumatera berdampak populasi Babi Hutan tak terkendali dan dapat menjadi hama bagi masyarakat disekitar hutan.
Deskripsi Harimau Sumatera:
Harimau Sumatera mempunyai warna paling gelap diantara semua subspesies harimau lainnya, pola hitamnya berukuran lebar dan jaraknya rapat kadang kala dempet. Belang harimau sumatra lebih tipis daripada subspesies harimau lain. Subspesies ini juga punya lebih banyak janggut serta surai dibandingkan subspesies lain, terutama harimau jantan. Terdapat selaput di sela-sela jarinya yang menjadikan mereka mampu berenang. Harimau sumatera umumnya beraktifitas dimalam hari.
Harimau Sumatera bukan jenis satwa yang biasa tinggal berkelompok melainkan jenis satwa soliter, yaitu satwa yang sebagian besar waktunya hidup menyendiri, kecuali selama musim kawin atau memelihara anak.
Panjang Harimau Sumatera jantan dapat mencapai 2,2 – 2,8 meter, sedangkan betina 2,15 – 2,3 meter. Tinggi diukur dari kaki ke tengkuk rata-rata adalah 75 cm, tetapi ada juga yang mencapai antara 80 – 95 cm, dan berat 130 – 255 kg. Hewan ini mempunyai bulu sepanjang 8 – 11 mm, surai pada Harimau Sumatera jantan berukuran 11 – 13 cm. Bulu di dagu, pipi, dan belakang kepala lebih pendek. Panjang ekor sekitar 65 – 95 cm (Direktorat Pelestarian Alam, 1986 ; Hafild dan Aniger, 1984 ; Kahar, 1997 ; Macdonald, 1986 ; Mountfort, 1973 ; Saleh dan Kambey, 2003 ; Sutedja dan Taufik, 1993 ; Suwelo dan Somantri, 1978 ; Treep, 1973).
Klasifikasi ilmiah Harimau Sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae):
Kerajaan: Animalia; Filum: Chordata; Kelas: Mammalia; Ordo: Carnivora; Famili:Felidae; Genus: Panthera; Spesies: Panthera tigris; Upaspesies: Panthera tigris sumatrae. Nama trinomial: Panthera tigris sumatrae (Pocock, 1929).
Makanan:
Harimau Sumatera termasuk jenis Carnivora yang biasanya memangsa : Rusa Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Kijang (Muntiacus muntjak), Kancil (Tragulus sp.), dan Babi hutan (Sus sp.). Kerbau liar (Bubalus bubalis), Tapir (Tapirus indicus), Kera (Macaca ), Landak (Hystrix brachyura), Trenggiling (Manis javanica), jenis-jenis Reptilia seperti kura-kura, ular, dan biawak, serta berbagai jenis burung, ikan, dan kodok dan jenis-jenis satwa liar lainnya. Hewan peliharaan atau ternak yang juga terkadang menjadi mangsa Harimau, diantaranya adalah Kerbau, kambing, domba, sapi, Anjing dan ayam.
Reproduksi:
Harimau sumatra dapat berbiak kapan saja. Masa kehamilan adalah sekitar 103 hari. Biasanya harimau betina melahirkan 2 atau 3 ekor anak harimau sekaligus, dan paling banyak 6 ekor. Mata anak harimau baru terbuka pada hari kesepuluh, meskipun anak harimau di kebun binatang ada yang tercatat lahir dengan mata terbuka. Anak harimau hanya minum air susu induknya selama 8 minggu pertama. Sehabis itu mereka dapat mencoba makanan padat, namun mereka masih menyusu selama 5 atau 6 bulan. Anak harimau pertama kali meninggalkan sarang pada umur 2 minggu, dan belajar berburu pada umur 6 bulan. Mereka dapat berburu sendirian pada umur 18 bulan, dan pada umur 2 tahun anak harimau dapat berdiri sendiri.
Tipe lokasi yang biasanya menjadi pilihan habitat Harimau Sumatera di Indonesia bervariasi, dengan ketinggian antara 0 – 3000 meter dari permukaan laut, seperti :
- Hutan hujan tropis, hutan primer dan sekunder pada dataran rendah sampai dataran tinggi pegunungan, hutan savana, hutan terbuka, hutan pantai, dan hutan bekas tebangan
- Pantai berlumpur, mangrove, pantai berawa payau, dan pantai air tawar
- Padang rumput terutama padang alang-alang
- Daerah datar sepanjang aliran sungai, khususnya pada sungai yang mengalir melalui tanah yang ditutupi oleh hutan hujan tropis
- Juga sering terlihat di daerah perkebunan dan tanah pertanian
- Selain itu juga banyak harimau ditemui di areal hutan gambut.
Terdapat 9 subspesies harimau yang tiga diantaranya telah dinyatakan punah. Kesembilan subspisies harimau tersebut adalah:
- Harimau Indochina (Panthera tigris corbetti) terdapat di Malaysia, Kamboja, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, dan Vietnam.
- Harimau Bengal (Panthera tigris tigris) Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, dan Nepal.
- Harimau Cina Selatan (Panthera tigris amoyensis) China.
- Harimau Siberia (Panthera tigris altaica) dikenal juga sebagai Amur, Ussuri, Harimau Timur Laut China, atau harimau Manchuria. Terdapat di China, Korea Utara, dan Asia Tengah di Rusia.
- Harimau Sumatra (Panthera tigris sumatrae) terdapat hanya di pulau Sumatera, Indonesia.
- Harimau Malaya (Panthera tigris jacksoni) terdapat di semenanjung Malaysia.
- Harimau Caspian (Panthera tigris virgata) telah punah sekitar tahun 1950an. Harimau Caspian ini terdapat di Afganistan, Iran, Mongolia, Turki, dan Rusia.
- Harimau Jawa (Panthera tigris sondaica) telah punah sekitar tahun 1972. Harimau Jawa terdapat di pulau Jawa, Indonesia.
- Harimau Bali (Panthera tigris balica) yang telah punah sekitar tahun 1937. Harimau Bali terdapat di pulau Bali, Indonesia.
Harimau Sumatera termasuk satwa liar yang dilindungi undang-undang, sebagaimana tertuang dalam Lampiran PP No. 7 Tahun 1999, dan ada kententuan dalam Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1990 bahwa:
- Barangsiapa dengan Sengaja menangkap, melukai, membunuh, menyimpan, memiliki, memelihara, mengangkut, dan memperniagakan satwa yang dilindungi dalam keadaan hidup; (Pasal 21 ayat (2) huruf a), diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp. 100.000.000,00 (seratus juta rupiah). (Pasal 40 ayat (2));
- Barang Siapa Dengan Sengaja menyimpan, memiliki, memelihara, mengangkut, dan memperniagakan satwa yang dilindungi dalam keadaan mati (Pasal 21 ayat (2) huruf b), diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp. 100.000.000,00 (seratus juta rupiah). (Pasal 40 ayat (2));
- Dengan Sengaja memperniagakan, menyimpan atau memiliki kulit, tubuh, atau bagian-bagian lain satwa yang dilindungi atau barang-barang yang dibuat dari bagian-bagian tersebut atau mengeluarkannya dari suatu tempat di Indonesia ke tempat lain di dalam atau di luar Indonesia; (Pasal 21 ayat (2) huruf d), diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp. 100.000.000,00 (seratus juta rupiah). (Pasal 40 ayat (2));
- Sumber: harapanrainforest, Alamendah'S blog (http://alamendah.wordpress.com), Konservasi Harimau Sumatera Secara Komprehensif (www.harimau-sumatera.blogspot.com)
Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)
The Sumatran tiger is an important predator that can maintain the balance of the food chain (food chains) in the forests of Sumatra island, reduced the number of Sumatran tiger populations Warthog impact of uncontrolled and may become pests to society around the forest.
Sumatran Tiger Description:
Sumatran Tiger Description:
The Sumatran tiger has the darkest color among all other tiger subspecies, the black pattern width and the distance is sometimes tightly attached. Sumatran tiger stripe is thinner than other tiger subspecies. This subspecies also had more beard and mane than other subspecies, especially the male tiger. There is a membrane in between her fingers that made them able to swim. Sumatran tigers are generally indulge at night.
The Sumatran tiger is not the usual kind of animals live in groups but a solitary species, ie animals that most of his time living alone, except during the mating season or maintain the child.
The length of a male Sumatran tiger could reach 2.2 to 2.8 meters, while females from 2.15 to 2.3 meters. Height is measured from foot to neck average is 75 cm, but there is also a reach between 80-95 cm, and weighing 130-255 kg. This animal has long fur 8-11 mm, mane on a male Sumatran Tiger measuring 11-13 cm. Fur on the chin, cheeks, and back of the head shorter. Long tail of about 65-95 cm (Directorate of Nature Conservation, 1986; Hafild and Aniger, 1984; Kahar, 1997; Macdonald, 1986; Mountfort, 1973; Saleh and Kambey, 2003; Sutedja and Taufik, 1993; Suwelo and Somantri, 1978; Treep, 1973).
The length of a male Sumatran tiger could reach 2.2 to 2.8 meters, while females from 2.15 to 2.3 meters. Height is measured from foot to neck average is 75 cm, but there is also a reach between 80-95 cm, and weighing 130-255 kg. This animal has long fur 8-11 mm, mane on a male Sumatran Tiger measuring 11-13 cm. Fur on the chin, cheeks, and back of the head shorter. Long tail of about 65-95 cm (Directorate of Nature Conservation, 1986; Hafild and Aniger, 1984; Kahar, 1997; Macdonald, 1986; Mountfort, 1973; Saleh and Kambey, 2003; Sutedja and Taufik, 1993; Suwelo and Somantri, 1978; Treep, 1973).
Scientific classification Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae):
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: mammals; Order: Carnivora, Family: Felidae, Genus: Panthera; Species: Panthera tigris; Upaspesies: Panthera tigris sumatrae. Trinomial name: Panthera tigris sumatrae (Pocock, 1929).
Food:
Sumatran tigers, including the type who usually prey on carnivores: Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), hare (Tragulus sp.), And pig (Sus sp.). Wild buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), tapir (Tapirus indicus), monkey (Macaca), Porcupines (Hystrix brachyura), Aardvark (Manis javanica), the kinds of reptiles such as turtles, snakes, and lizards, and various species of birds, fish , and frogs and other types of other wildlife. Pets or livestock are also sometimes fall prey to tigers, such as buffalo, goats, sheep, cows, dogs and chickens.
Reproduction:
Sumatran Tigers can breed at any time. Gestation period is about 103 days. Usually tigress gave birth to 2 or 3 heads of tiger cubs at a time, and at most six tails. New cub's eyes open on the tenth day, though tiger cubs at the zoo is listed born with eyes open. Cub drinking only its mother's milk during the first 8 weeks. After that they can try solid food, but they still suckle for 5 or 6 months. Tiger cubs first leave the nest at the age of 2 weeks, and learn to hunt at the age of 6 months. They can hunt alone at age 18 months, and at age 2 years can stand on its own cubs.
Type a location which is usually an option in the Indonesian Sumatran Tiger habitat varies with altitude between 0000-3000 meters above sea level, such as:
o Tropical rain forest, primary and secondary forests in lowland to highland mountains, savanna forest, open forest, beach forest, and forest logged
o Beach muddy, mangrove, brackish marshy coast, and coastal freshwater
o Pastures mainly grasslands
o flat area along the river, especially on the river that flows through land that is covered by tropical rain forest
o It is also frequently seen in the area of plantation and agricultural land
o In addition, many tigers found in areas of peat forest.
There are 9 subspecies of tiger that three of them have been declared extinct. Ninth subspisies tiger are:
o Indochina tiger (Panthera tigris corbetti) there is in Malaysia, Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
o Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal.
o South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis) China.
o Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica), also known as the Amur, Ussuri, Northeast China tiger, or Manchurian tiger. There are in China, North Korea, and Central Asia in Russia.
o Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) there is only on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.
o Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni) there is in Peninsular Malaysia.
o Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) have become extinct around the 1950s. Caspian tigers have in Afghanistan, Iran, Mongolia, Turkey, and Russia.
o Java tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) have become extinct around 1972. Javanese tigers are in Java, Indonesia.
o Bali tiger (Panthera tigris balica) that became extinct around 1937. Tigers are on the island of Bali Bali, Indonesia.
Sumatran Tiger including wildlife law, as stated in Appendix PP. 7 of 1999, and there kententuan the Act. 5, 1990 that:
1. Anyone with Deliberately capture, injure, kill, keep, possess, maintain, transport, and memperniagakan protected animals in a state of life, (Article 21 paragraph (2) letter a), punishable by a maximum imprisonment of 5 (five) years and a fine at most Rp. 100.000.000,00 (one hundred million rupiah). (Article 40 paragraph (2));
2. Goods Who By deliberately keep, own, maintain, transport, and memperniagakan protected animals in a state of death (Article 21 paragraph (2) letter b), punishable by a maximum imprisonment of 5 (five) years and a maximum fine of Rp. 100.000.000,00 (one hundred million rupiah). (Article 40 paragraph (2));
3. With Accidentally trade, keep or have the skin, body, or other parts of protected wildlife or goods made from these parts or removing it from a place in Indonesia to other places within or outside Indonesia; (Article 21 paragraph (2) letter d), is threatened by a maximum imprisonment of 5 (five) years and a maximum fine of Rp. 100.000.000,00 (one hundred million rupiah). (Article 40 paragraph (2));
4. Source: harapanrainforest, Alamendah'S blog (http://alamendah.wordpress.com), Sumatran Tiger Conservation In Comprehensive (www.harimau-sumatera.blogspot.com)
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