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CACING TANAH

Cacing tanah adalah nama yang umum digunakan untuk kelompok Oligochaeta, yang kelas dan subkelasnya tergantung dari penemunya dalam filum Annelida. Cacing tanah termasuk hewan tingkat rendah karena tidak mempunyai tulang belakang (invertebrata). Cacing tanah termasuk kelas Oligochaeta. Famili terpenting dari kelas ini Megascilicidae dan Lumbricidae Cacing tanah bukanlah hewan yang asing bagi masyarakat kita, terutama bagi masyarakat pedesaan.

 

Morfologi

Cacing tanah jenis Lumbricus mempunyai bentuk tubuh pipih. Jumlah segmen yang dimiliki sekitar 90-195 dan klitelum yang terletak pada segmen 27-32. Biasanya jenis ini kalah bersaing dengan jenis yang lain sehingga tubuhnya lebih kecil. Tetapi bila diternakkan besar tubuhnya bisa menyamai atau melebihi jenis lain.
Cacing tanah jenis Pheretima segmennya mencapai 95-150 segmen. Klitelumnya terletak pada segmen 14-16. Tubuhnya berbentuk gilik panjang dan silindris berwarna merah keunguan.  Cacing tanah yang termasuk jenis Pheretima antara lain cacing merah, cacing koot dan cacing kalung.

 

Aktivitas antimikroba

Cacing tanah merupakan makhluk yang telah hidup dengan bantuan sistem pertahanan mereka sejak fase awal evolusi, oleh sebab itu mereka selalu dapat menghadapi invasi mikroorganisme patogen di lingkungan mereka. Penelitian yang telah berlangsung selama sekitar 50 tahun menunjukkan bahwa cacing tanah memiliki kekebalan humoral dan selular mekanisme. Selain itu telah ditemukan bahwa cairan selom cacing tanah mengandung lebih dari 40 protein dan pameran beberapa aktivitas biologis sebagai berikut: cytolytic, proteolitik, antimikroba, hemolitik, hemagglutinating, tumorolytic, dan kegiatan mitogenic.
Cairan dari selom foetida Eisenia Andrei telah diteliti memiliki sebuah aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila dan Bacillus megaterium yang dikenal sebagai patogen cacing tanah. Setelah itu diperoleh dua protein, bernama Fetidins, dari cairan selom cacing tanah dan menegaskan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri ini disebabkan karena fetidins. Lumbricus rubellus juga memiliki dua agen antibakteri bernama Lumbricin 1 dan Lumbricin 2. Baru-baru ini, dua jenis faktor antibakteri yang mempunyai aktivitas seperti lisozim dengan aktivitas hemolitik serta pengenalan pola protein bernama selom cytolytic faktor (CCF) telah diidentifikasi dalam foetida Eisenia cacing tanah. Lysenin protein yang berbeda dan Eisenia foetida lysenin-seperti protein memiliki beberapa kegiatan yang diberikan cytolytic hemolitik, antibakteri dan membran-permeabilizing properti.
Protein yang dimiliki oleh cacing tanah memiliki mekanisme antimikroba yang berbeda dengan mekanisme antibiotik. Antibiotik membunuh mikrorganisme tanpa merusak jaringan tubuh. Antibiotik membunuh mikroganisme biasanya dengan dua cara, yaitu dengan menghentikan jalur metabolik yang dapat menghasilkan nutrient yang dibutuhkan oleh mikroorganisme atau menghambat enzim spesifik yang dibutuhkan untuk mmbantu menyusun dinding sel bakteri. Sedangkan, mekanisme yang dilakukan oleh protein yang dimiliki oleh cacing tanah adalah dengan membuat pori di dinding sel bakteri. Hal ini menyebakan sitoplasma sel bakteri menjadi terpapar dengan lingkungan luar yang dapat mengganggu aktivitas dalam sel bakteri dan menyebabkan kematian. Dengan cara ini, bakteri menjadi lebih susah untuk menjadi resisten karena yang dirusak adalah struktur sel milik bakteri itu sendiri. 

WORMS LAND
Earthworms are commonly used name for the group Oligochaeta, the class and subkelasnya depending on the inventor in the phylum Annelid. Earthworms including lower animals because they do not have a spine (invertebrates). Earthworm belongs to the class Oligochaeta. The most important families of this class Earthworms Lumbricidae Megascilicidae and animals is not foreign to our society, especially to rural communities.

Morphology
Lumbricus earthworm species have a flattened body shape. The number of segments is about 90-195 and klitelum located on segments 27-32. Usually this type of competition from other species so that its body is smaller. But when bred of his body could match or exceed other types. Earthworm species Pheretima reached 95-150 segment segment. Klitelumnya located on segments 14-16. His body was long and cylindrical shaped gilik purplish red. Earthworm Pheretima which includes among other types of red worms, worm and worm Koot necklace.

Antimicrobial Activity
Earthworm is a creature who has been living with the help of their defense system since the early phases of evolution, and therefore they are always able to face the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms in their environment. Research that has lasted for about 50 years showed that earthworms have humoral and cellular immune mechanisms. In addition it was found that the earthworm coelomic fluid contains more than 40 proteins and exhibit some biological activity as follows: cytolytic, proteolytic, antimicrobial, hemolytic, hemagglutinating, tumorolytic, and mitogenic activity.
Coelomic fluid of Eisenia foetida Andrei has been investigated has an antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Bacillus megaterium is known as a pathogen of earthworm. After obtaining these two proteins, named Fetidins, from earthworm coelomic fluid and confirmed that the antibacterial activity is due to fetidins. Lumbricus rubellus also has two antibacterial agents called Lumbricin Lumbricin 1 and 2. Recently, two types of factors that have antibacterial activity such as lysozyme with hemolytic activity and pattern recognition protein named coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF) has been identified in Eisenia foetida earthworms. Lysenin different protein and Eisenia foetida lysenin-like proteins have given some cytolytic activity hemolytic, antibacterial and membrane-permeabilizing properties.
Proteins are owned by the earthworm has a different mechanism with the mechanism of antimicrobial antibiotics. Antibiotics kill mikrorganisme without damaging tissue. Antibiotics kill mikroganisme usually in two ways, namely by stopping the metabolic path that can produce nutrients needed by microorganisms or inhibit specific enzymes required for bacterial cell wall To compile. Meanwhile, the mechanism by which proteins are owned by earthworms is to make pores in cell walls of bacteria. This causes the cell cytoplasm, the bacteria become exposed to the outside environment that may interfere with the activity in bacterial cells and cause death. In this way, the bacteria become more difficult to become resistant because of the damaged property is the structure of the bacterial cell itself.

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